The One China Policy per United Nation Declaration

Introduction

The "One China Policy" is a complex issue with a long history. It is rooted in the Chinese Civil War, which lasted from 1945 to 1949 and ended with the victory of the Communist Party of China (CPC) over the Nationalist Party (KMT), led by Chiang Kai-shek. After the war, the KMT retreated to Taiwan and established a government there, while the CPC established the PRC on the mainland. The KMT continued to claim that it was the legitimate government of all of China, including the mainland, while the CPC claimed that Taiwan was a part of China and that the KMT was a rebel regime. The "One China Policy" is a diplomatic principle that recognizes the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the sole legitimate government of China, and that there is only one China, which includes Taiwan as a part of China. This policy was established through a series of international agreements and declarations, including the United Nations Declaration of 1949, as well as agreements between the governments of China and other countries.

The Shanghai Communique 上海公報

In 1972, the United States government officially recognized the PRC as the government of China and acknowledged the "One China Policy" in the Shanghai Communique. 

Communication on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the United States 中美建交公報

In 1979, the United States established official diplomatic relations with the PRC and recognized Taiwan as a part of China.

August 17 Communiqué八一七公報

In 1982, the PRC and the Republic of China (Taiwan) reached an agreement known as the "1982 Consensus", which reaffirmed the "One China Policy" and recognized that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belonged to one China, but allowed for different interpretations of what that means. Since then, most countries have adopted the "One China Policy" and have established official diplomatic relations with the PRC, while maintaining unofficial ties with Taiwan.

Over the years, different countries have taken different positions on the "One China Policy". Some, like the United States, have recognized the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China and have acknowledged that Taiwan is a part of China. Others, like Taiwan, have rejected the "One China Policy" and have asserted their independence. The "One China Policy" has been a contentious issue in international relations, and has led to diplomatic tensions between countries that recognize the PRC and those that recognize Taiwan. However, most countries have adopted the "One China Policy" and have established official diplomatic relations with the PRC, while maintaining unofficial ties with Taiwan.

Summary

The "One China Policy" remains a complex issue, and its future is uncertain. However, it is likely to remain an important issue in international relations for years to come. The three Sino-US joint communique refer to the collective name of the three diplomatic statements jointly issued by the government of the People's Republic of China and the US government, including the "Shanghai Communiqué", "Communication on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and the United States" and "August 17 Communiqué". These three communiqués were an important basis for the dialogue and normalization of relations between China and the United States during the Cold War, and the importance of the Taiwan issue is even more apparent today.