这就是中国的未来 - This is the future of China! 金庸

拜讀查良鏞先生的演講，能使大家了解我國歷史的精髓。

美闻参阅（mgncwx）

来源：演讲与人生，摘录自金庸先生在北京大学的演讲，略有删节

香港媒体报道，武侠泰斗金庸（本名查良镛）逝世，享年94岁。

悲痛之余，让我们来重温一次金庸先生在北大的这次经典演讲。

1

大家希望听我讲小说，其实写小说并没有什么学问，大家喜欢看也就过去了。我对历史倒是有点兴趣。

今天我想简单地讲一个问题，就是中华民族如此长期地、不断地发展壮大，到底有何道理，有哪些规律？

这几年我常在英国牛津大学，对英国文学、英国历史和中国历史很有兴趣。大家都知道，英国对二十世纪影响最大的一位历史学家名叫汤因比，他写了一部很长很长的《历史研究》。

他在这部书中分析了很多世界上的文明，说明世界上的很多文明都在历史进程中衰退或消亡了，直到现在仍真正兴旺发达的文明只有两个，一个是西方的欧美文明，一个是东方的中国文明。而中国文明历史悠久且连续不断，则又是世界唯一的。

2

虽然古代有的文明历史比中国早，有的文明范围比中国大，如巴比伦的文明、埃及的文明、希腊罗马的文明，但这些文明却因遇到外力的打击，或者自己腐化而逐渐衰退、消亡了。

汤因比说：一种文明总会遇到外来的挑战，如果该文明能很好地应付这个挑战，就能继续发展；如果不能很好地应付挑战，就会衰退，甚至消亡。

这里也有多种情况：一种是遇到强大外族的打击，整个民族被杀光杀尽，消灭了；一种是民族内部长期僵化，没有改革，没有进化，像活的木乃伊，结果衰落了；有的则因自己的腐化而垮台；还有一种就是分裂，国家的内战不休。

我们的国歌中有一句：“中华民族到了最危险的时候”，这句话是在抗战前后写的，它表示了一种忧患意识。那时候我国遭受外族敌人的侵略，处境确实非常危险。

就我看来，我国历史上遭受外族侵略的危险时期有七个：

第一是西周末年到春秋战国时期东西南北受到外族进攻；

第二是秦汉时期匈奴的进攻，时间长达四百年之久；

第三是魏晋时鲜卑等五胡的进犯，时间也有四百年；

第四是隋唐时期突厥和吐蕃的侵犯，时间约三百年；

第五是五代、南北宋时期契丹、女真及西夏的侵犯，时间大概也是400年；

第六是元、明、清时期蒙古、满族的侵犯；

第七是近代西方帝国主义和日本帝国主义的侵略。

3

纵观中国历史，大概可以看到这样一个规律：我们的民族先是统一强盛，后来慢慢腐化，组织力量衰退。此时如果出现一些改革，那么就会中兴。如果改革失败了，或者自己腐化了，那么外族敌人就会入侵。在外族入侵的时候，我们民族有个很特殊的现象，就是外族的入侵常常是我们民族的转机。以上所讲的我们民族七次大的危机，又都是七次大的转机。

历史上常常是外族人来了之后，我们华夏民族就跟它同化、融合，一旦同化、融合了，我们华夏民族就壮大起来，统一起来。之后可能又腐化了，衰退了，或者分裂了，外族人又来了，我们民族再融合，又壮大，如此循环往复。

其他国家民族遇到外族入侵，要么打赢，要是打不赢，这个国家或民族就会垮台。我们中华民族遇到外族入侵时，常常能把外族打退，打不退的情况也很多，但却很难被征服。这是因为一方面我们有一股韧力，一股很顽强的抵抗力量；一方面我们又很开放，在文化上同它们融合在一起，经过一段时间，大家变成一个民族，我们的民族从此又壮大起来。

其中第一个原因是我国一开始就是农业社会，生产力比较高、技术比较先进，有强大的经济力量可以发展文化；第二个原因是从西周开始，我们已有了一个严密的宗法社会制度，后世讲到中国封建社会，总认为封建的宗法制度很束缚人的思想，很束缚人的行为，那当然是对的。

4

其实这种宗法制度也有它的历史作用，我们民族由于有了严密的继承制度，从而避免了内部的争斗和战争。一些游牧民族本来很强盛，但往往在关键的时候闹分裂。父亲死后，他的两个儿子或者三个儿子抢父亲位子，罗马也有这种情况。一抢位子，就要打架，就要内乱。本来很强盛的部落、部族或者民族，一分裂，就要自己打自己。

我们民族从西周开始，虽然自己内部斗争也不断有，但基本上还是遵循世袭制度，即父亲死了，嫡长子继位，这是当时中华民族发展的一个重要制度。一个社会的基本法律制度固定了，社会就会很稳定，内部斗争就会大大减少，这也是民族强盛的重要环节。

还有一个重要环节，就是我们对外族是很开放的。从历史上看，中国很长很长的时候是外族统治的，如北魏。其实隋唐也有很大的少数民族的成分，主要是鲜卑人。

有一个情况不知各位想到没有，我的小说中写过一个人叫“独孤求败”，独孤求败很骄傲，他一生与人比剑比武从没有输过，所以他改个名叫求败，希望失败一次，但却总没有败过。这个“独孤”就是鲜卑人。

唐朝开国皇帝李渊的母亲是鲜卑人，就姓独孤。“鲜卑”这两个字，有些学者说“西伯利亚”就是“鲜卑利亚”，鲜卑人原本住在西伯利亚那一带。但这不是很一致的意见。

北周的时候，有个大将军叫独孤信，他有很多女儿，其中大女儿嫁给了北周的皇帝，第四个女儿嫁给了唐高祖的父亲，第七个女儿嫁给了隋文帝。所以唐高祖和隋炀帝是表兄弟，唐太宗李世民则应叫隋炀帝为表叔。他们都有鲜卑的血统。唐太宗李世民的妈妈姓窦。唐太宗的皇后姓长孙，长孙和窦都是鲜卑人的姓。皇后的哥哥长孙无忌是唐朝很有名的宰相，他也是鲜卑人。

据《唐史》记载，唐朝宰相至少有二十三人是胡人，其中主要是鲜卑人。那时候说“胡人”就像我们现在说“洋人”一样，没有歧视的意思。

在唐朝，有二十三个外国人当“国务院总理”，可见唐朝对外国人一点也不歧视。

再说汉朝，汉武帝与匈奴交战，匈奴分裂投降了。其中一个匈奴王子叫金日蝉，在汉朝做官，很受汉武帝重用。汉武帝死后，他的身后大事交给了两个人，一个是霍光，一个就是金日蝉。由此可见，我们民族壮大的重要原因就是非常开放。

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中国人不太擅长打仗，与外国人打仗时，输的多，赢的少。但是我们有耐力，这次打不赢没关系，我们长期跟你干，打到后来，外国人会分裂的。

匈奴人很厉害，我们打他不过。汉高祖曾在山西大同附近被匈奴人围困，没法脱身。他的手下便献了一条妙计，去向匈奴皇后说，汉人漂亮的小姐很多，你如果把汉朝皇帝抓来，把汉人打垮了，俘虏了大批汉人中的漂亮女人，你这个皇后就要糟糕了。匈奴皇后中了这个诡计，影响匈奴首领，便退兵了。

匈奴后来分为南北，南匈奴投降了汉朝，北匈奴则向西走，一部分到了法国，一部分到了西班牙，一部分到了英国，以至灭亡了整个西罗马帝国。

西方历史中的匈人是否匈奴人？史家意见不一致，有意思的是，匈奴的一半被中国抵抗住了，投降了，另外一半却把整个欧洲打垮了。隋唐时期的突厥也是如此，他们分为东突厥和西突厥。东突厥向隋唐王朝投降了，慢慢地被华夏民族所融合。西突厥则向西行，来到了土耳其。后来土耳其把东罗马帝国打垮了，把整个君士坦丁堡占了下来，直到现在。

所以我们不要一提起历史就认为我们民族不行，其实我们民族真正不行，只是十六世纪以后的三四百年的事情。

最近我在牛津大学的一次聚餐会上遇到一位很有名的研究东亚经济的学者，他和我谈到中国经济的发展前途时说，中国的经济自古以来就很发达，人均收入一直是全世界第一，只是到了十六世纪以后才慢慢被英国赶上去。而国民总收入却是到了1820年才给英国超过。中国国力居世界领先的地位竟保持了二三千年之久。

那位学者对中国经济前途非常乐观，他说大概到2020年时，中国的国民经济收入又会是全世界第一，并能长期保持下去，恐怕至少在那之后的四五十年内没有任何国家能够赶得上。我听了之后很兴奋，问他是否有数据？他列举了很多统计数字。他是专家，不会随口乱说。我觉得他的分析是很有道理的。

6

实际上我们中国古代在科学技术方面一直是很先进的，到宋朝尤其先进，大大超过了欧洲。那时我们的科技发明，欧洲是远远赶不上的。如造纸、印刷、火药、罗盘等在宋朝已经非常兴旺发达了。

现在大家用的钞票也是中国发明的，在宋朝时代就已经开始使用了。那时我们的金融制度相当先进，货币的运用相当成熟。

那么欧洲人什么时候才开始转机呢？应该说是到了中国的明朝，从那时起，中国开始落后了。

我想其中原因，一个是政治上的专制，对人民的思想控制很严，一点也不自由开放，动不动满门抄斩，株连九族，吓得人们不敢乱说乱动，全部权力控制在皇帝一人手里。

另一个原因就是明朝对付不了日本倭寇的入侵，便异想天开，实行所谓海禁，把航海的船只全部烧掉，以为如此一来就能断绝与倭寇的来往，饿死倭寇。这是对日本完全不了解。这种愚蠢的禁令，当然是永乐皇帝时郑和下西洋之后的事情了。

明朝一实行锁国政策，整个国力便开始衰退。与此同时，西方科学却开始发展，工业革命也开始了。

有一个有趣的时间值得注意，那就是十六世纪初的一五一七年，德国的马丁·路德公然否定教皇的权威，反对神权控制，就在这个时候，我国明朝的正德皇帝下江南。正德皇帝是个很无聊、很腐化的昏君，他下江南干了许多荒淫无耻的勾当。

大家知道，在隋朝、唐朝，中国是很富庶的，到了宋朝、元朝也还可以，那时候科学发达、交通方便、对外开放。而欧洲正是封闭的时候，一切都由教廷控制，学术思想不自由。你如说地球围绕太阳转，他便要你坐牢，一切都是封闭的。

到了十六世纪，欧洲自由开放了，科学发明开始了，可是中国反而长期封锁起来了。这是最大的历史教训。

7

今天讲了这么多，无非是要大家明确两个观念，那就是改革和开放。我们中华民族之所以这样壮大，靠的就是改革和开放。

当我们遇到困难的时候，内部要积极进行改革，努力克服困难，改革成功了，我们的民族就会中兴。同时我们还要对外开放，这点更为重要，因为我们中国人有自信心，我们自信自己的民族很强大，外来的武力或外来的文化我们都不害怕。

另有一个重要观念，今天没有时间详谈。我认为过去的历史家都说蛮夷戎狄、五胡乱华、蒙古人、满洲人侵略我中华，大好山河沦亡于异族等等，这个观念要改一改。

我想写几篇历史文章，说少数民族也是中华民族的一分子，北魏、元朝、清朝只是少数派执政，谈不上中华亡于异族，只是“轮流坐庄”。满洲人建立清朝执政，肯定比明朝好得多。这些观念我在小说中发挥得很多，希望将来写成学术性文字。

上面我讲到的那位英国历史学家汤因比在他初期写《历史研究》这部大著作的时候，并没有非常重视中国。到他快去世的时候，他得出一个结论：世界的希望寄托于中国文明和西方文明的结合。

他认为西方文明的优点在于不断地发明、创造、追求、向外扩张，是“动”的文化。中国文明的优点在于和平，就好像长城，处于守势，平稳、调和，是“静”的文化。

现在许多西方学者都认为，地球就这样大了，无止境地追求、扩充，是不可能的，也是不可取的。今后只能接受中国的哲学，要平衡、要和谐，民族与民族之间要相互协作，避免战争。

由于科学的发展，核武器的出现，今后的世界大战将不可思议。一些疯狂的人也许执意要打核战争，殊不知道这种战争的结局将是人类的同归于尽。这可能性不能说没有，我所接触到的西方学者目前对打核战争都不太担心，他们最担心的是三个问题：第一是自然资源不断地被浪费；第二是环境污染；第三是人口爆炸。这三个问题将关系到人类的前途。

所以，现在许多西方人把希望寄托于中国，他们希望了解中国，了解中国的哲学。他们认为中国的平衡、和谐、团结的哲学思想、心理状态可能是解决整个人类问题的关键。

十九世纪世界的经济中心在伦敦，二十世纪初转到了纽约，到了战后七十年代、八十年代则转到了东京，而二十一世纪肯定要转到中国。至于这个中心是中国的北京还是上海，其实在北京或在上海都不是问题，只要是在中国就很好！


Google translation:

Reading Mr. Cha Liangzhu’s speech will enable everyone to understand the essence of our country’s history.

Jin Yong: This is the future of China!

See the news (mgncwx)

Source: Speech and Life, excerpted from Mr. Jin Yong’s speech at Peking University, slightly abridged

Hong Kong media reported that the martial arts master Jin Yong (the real name of Cha Liang) died at the age of 94.

In addition to grief, let us revisit this classic speech by Mr. Jin Yong at Peking University.

1

Everyone wants to hear me tell a novel. In fact, there is no learning to write a novel. Everyone likes to watch it. I am a bit interested in history.

Today, I want to briefly talk about a question, that is, the Chinese nation has developed and grown so long and continuously. What is the reason and what are the rules?

I have been at Oxford University in the UK for many years and I am very interested in English literature, British history and Chinese history. Everyone knows that one of the most influential historians in Britain in the twentieth century was Toynbee, who wrote a long and long history study.

In this book, he analyzes many world civilizations, indicating that many civilizations in the world have declined or died in the historical process. Until now, there are only two civilizations that are truly prosperous. One is the Western European and American civilization, one It is the Chinese civilization of the East. The history of Chinese civilization is long and continuous, and it is the only one in the world.

2

Although ancient civilizations have a history earlier than China, and some have larger civilizations than China, such as the Babylonian civilization, the Egyptian civilization, and the Greek-Roman civilization, these civilizations have gradually declined due to the impact of external forces or their own corruption. It has died.

Toynbee said: A civilization always encounters external challenges. If the civilization can cope well with this challenge, it can continue to develop; if it fails to cope well with the challenge, it will decline or even die.

There are also many situations here: one is the attack of a powerful foreign nation, the whole nation is killed and destroyed, and the other is a long-term rigid internalization, no reform, no evolution, like a living mummies, and the result declines; Some have collapsed because of their own corruption; another is division, and the country’s civil war is endless.

There is a sentence in our national anthem: "The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time." This sentence was written before and after the Anti-Japanese War. It expresses a sense of urgency. At that time, my country was invaded by foreign enemies and the situation was indeed very dangerous.

As far as I can see, there are seven dangerous periods in the history of our country that have suffered from foreign aggression:

The first is the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the East, the South and the North were attacked by foreigners;

The second is the attack of the Xiongnu in the Qin and Han Dynasties, which lasted for four hundred years;

The third is the invasion of Wuhu, such as Xianbei in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the time is four hundred years;

The fourth is the violation of Turkic and Tubo in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which lasted for three hundred years;

The fifth is the violation of Qidan, Jurchen and Xixia in the Five Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties, and the time is probably 400 years;

The sixth is the violation of Mongolia and Manchu in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties;

The seventh is the aggression of modern Western imperialism and Japanese imperialism.

3

Throughout China's history, we can probably see such a rule: our nation was first unified and strong, and then slowly decayed, and organizational power declined. At this time, if there are some reforms, then they will be ZTE. If the reform fails, or if it is corrupted, then the foreign enemy will invade. When foreigners invade, our nation has a very special phenomenon, that is, the invasion of foreigners is often a turning point for our nation. The seven major disasters of our nation mentioned above are all seven major turning points.

In the history, often after the foreigners came, our Chinese nation was assimilated and integrated with it. Once assimilated and integrated, our Chinese nation will grow and unite. After that, it may be corrupted again, declining, or splitting. The foreigners are coming again. Our nation is reintegrating and growing, so it is so cyclical.

If other nationalities encounter foreign invasions, they will either win or win. If they do not win, the country or nation will collapse. When the Chinese nation encounters a foreign invasion, it can often repel the foreigners, and there are many situations in which they can't fight back, but it is difficult to be conquered. This is because on the one hand we have a resilience and a very tenacious resistance; on the one hand we are very open and culturally integrated with them. After a period of time, everyone becomes a nation, and our nation has since Grow up.

The first reason is that China was an agricultural society at the beginning, with relatively high productivity, advanced technology, and strong economic power to develop culture. The second reason is that since the Western Zhou Dynasty, we have a strict patriarchal social system. Later generations talked about Chinese feudal society. They always thought that the feudal patriarchal system was very binding on people's thoughts and bound people's behavior. Of course, it was right.

4

In fact, this patriarchal system also has its historical role. Our nation has a strict inheritance system, thus avoiding internal struggles and wars. Some nomads have always been strong, but they often split at a critical time. After his father died, his two sons or three sons took the father's seat. This is also the case in Rome. If you grab a seat, you have to fight, and you have to be in chaos. If a tribe, a tribe, or a nation that is already strong, is divided, you must fight yourself.

Our nation began from the Western Zhou Dynasty. Although there were constant internal struggles, it basically followed the hereditary system, that is, the father died and the eldest son succeeded. This was an important system for the development of the Chinese nation at that time. The basic legal system of a society is fixed, the society will be very stable, and the internal struggle will be greatly reduced. This is also an important part of the national prosperity.

Another important link is that we are very open to foreigners. Historically, China has been ruled by foreigners for a long, long time, such as the Northern Wei Dynasty. In fact, the Sui and Tang Dynasties also have a large ethnic minority component, mainly Xianbei.

There is a situation I don't know if you think about it. In my novel, I wrote a person called "Dole and seek for defeat". I was so proud of being alone and desperate. He never lost his life and sword, so he changed his name to be defeated. I hope to fail once, but I have never lost. This "done alone" is Xianbei.

The mother of the founding emperor Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty was Xianbei, and he was surnamed Du. The word " Xianbei", some scholars say that "Siberia" is "British Buddhism", and Xianbei people originally lived in Siberia. But this is not a very consistent opinion.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, there was a general called Du Guxin. He had many daughters. The eldest daughter was married to the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The fourth daughter was married to Tang Gaozu's father. The seventh daughter was married to Emperor Wendi. Therefore, Tang Gaozu and Emperor Sui are cousins, and Tang Taizong Li Shimin should be called Sui Emperor. They all have a bloodline of Xianbei. Tang Taizong Li Shimin's mother surnamed Dou. Emperor Taizong’s empress name, grandson, grandson and sinus are the surnames of Xianbei. The Queen’s older brother Sun Wuji is a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty. He is also a Xianbei.

According to the "Tang Shi" records, at least 23 of the prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty were Hu people, mainly Xianbei. At that time, it was said that "Hu people" is like "foreign people", and there is no discrimination.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were 23 foreigners who were "premiblers of the State Council". It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty did not discriminate against foreigners at all.

In addition to the Han Dynasty, the Emperor Wu of Han and the Xiongnu fought, and the Xiongnu split and surrendered. One of the Xiongnu princes was called Jin Rizhen, who was an official in the Han Dynasty and was heavily used by Emperor Hanwu. After the death of Emperor Wu of Han, his big things were handed over to two people, one is Huo Guang and the other is Kim Il Sung. This shows that the important reason for our national growth is that it is very open.

5

The Chinese are not very good at fighting, and when they fight with foreigners, they lose more and win less. But we have endurance. It doesn't matter if we won't win this time. We will do it with you for a long time. Later, foreigners will split.

The Huns are very powerful, we beat him. Han Gaozu was trapped by the Huns near Datong, Shanxi, and could not escape. His men gave a trick to the Queen of the Hun, saying that there are many beautiful ladies in the Han Dynasty. If you grab the Han Dynasty emperor, you will beat the Han people and capture the beautiful women among the Han people. Your queen will be terrible. . The Queen of the Hun has made this trick, affecting the leader of the Huns, and retired.

The Xiongnu was later divided into the north and the south, the southern Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty, the northern Xiongnu went west, some to France, some to Spain, some to Britain, and even to the entire Western Roman Empire.

Are the Hungarians in Western history a Huns? Historians disagreed. What is interesting is that half of the Huns were resisted by China, surrendered, and the other half smashed the whole of Europe. The same was true of the Turks in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. They were divided into East Turkes and Western Turks. The East Turkistan surrendered to the Sui and Tang Dynasties and slowly merged with the Chinese nation. West Turkistan went west and came to Turkey. Later, Turkey smashed the Eastern Roman Empire and took the whole of Constantinople until now.

Therefore, we should not think that our nation can't do it when we mention history. In fact, our nation really can't do it. It is only three or four hundred years after the 16th century.

Recently, I met a famous scholar studying East Asian economy at a dinner party at Oxford University. He and I talked about the future of China's economy and said that China's economy has been developed since ancient times, and per capita income has always been full. The world's first, only after the sixteenth century, was slowly caught up with the British. The gross national income was only exceeded in the United Kingdom in 1820. China’s national strength has maintained its leading position in the world for two or three thousand years.

The scholar is very optimistic about China's economic future. He said that by 2020, China's national economic income will be the world's number one, and it can be maintained for a long time. I am afraid that there will be no country at least for the next forty or fifty years. Can catch up. I was very excited after listening and asked if he had any data? He listed a lot of statistics. He is an expert and will not talk casually. I think his analysis is very reasonable.

6

In fact, in ancient China, China has always been very advanced in science and technology. It was especially advanced in the Song Dynasty and greatly exceeded Europe. At that time, our technological inventions, Europe is far from catching up. Such as paper, printing, gunpowder, compass, etc. in the Song Dynasty has been very prosperous.

The banknotes that everyone used today were also invented by China, and they have already been used since the Song Dynasty. At that time, our financial system was quite advanced and the use of money was quite mature.

So when did the Europeans start to turn around? It should be said that it was in the Ming Dynasty of China. Since then, China has fallen behind.

I think the reason is that one is political dictatorship, the people's ideological control is very strict, and they are not free and open at all. They can't move their doors to copy the squad. The Zhulian nine people are scared that people don't dare to talk about turmoil. All power is controlled by the emperor. Hands.

Another reason is that the Ming dynasty could not cope with the invasion of the Japanese cockroaches, and it was whimsical, implementing the so-called sea ban, burning all the nautical ships, thinking that this would cut off the hustle and bustle of the hustle and bustle. This is completely ignorant of Japan. This stupid ban is of course after the Yongle Emperor Zheng He’s voyages to the West.

As soon as the Ming Dynasty implemented the policy of locking the country, the entire national strength began to decline. At the same time, Western science began to develop and the industrial revolution began.

There is an interesting time worth noting, that is, in the beginning of the 16th century, in 1517, Martin Luther of Germany publicly denied the authority of the pope and opposed the control of theocracy. At this time, the Emperor of Zhengde of China’s Ming Dynasty went down to Jiangnan. . Zhengde Emperor is a very boring, very corrupt faint prince. He has done a lot of ridiculous and shameful activities in Jiangnan.

As we all know, in the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, China was very rich. It was also possible to reach the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, science was developed, transportation was convenient, and the country was open to the outside world. When Europe is closed, everything is controlled by the Holy See, and academic thought is not free. If you say that the earth is turning around the sun, he wants you to go to jail, everything is closed.

In the sixteenth century, Europe was free and open, and scientific inventions began, but China has long been blocked. This is the biggest historical lesson.

7

Today, I have talked so much about it. It is only for everyone to clarify two concepts, that is, reform and opening up. The reason why the Chinese nation is so strong depends on reform and opening up.

When we encounter difficulties, the internals must actively carry out reforms, strive to overcome difficulties, reforms are successful, and our nation will be resurgence. At the same time, we have to open to the outside world. This is even more important because we Chinese have self-confidence. We are confident that our nation is very strong. We are not afraid of external force or foreign culture.

There is another important concept, and there is no time to talk about it today. I think that the historical historians of the past said that the barbarians, the five sects, the Mongolians, the Manchus invaded my China, the great mountains and rivers, and the deaths of aliens, etc., this concept must be changed.

I want to write a few historical articles saying that ethnic minorities are also a member of the Chinese nation. The Northern Wei, the Yuan Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty were only a minority in power. They could not talk about the Chinese death in the aliens, but only "take turns sitting in the village." The Manchurians who established the Qing dynasty were certainly much better than the Ming Dynasty. I have played a lot in these novels and hope to write academic texts in the future.

The British historian Toynbee mentioned above did not attach great importance to China when he wrote the great work of "Historical Research" in his early days. By the time he died, he came to the conclusion that the hope of the world rests on the combination of Chinese civilization and Western civilization.

He believes that the advantage of Western civilization is that it constantly invents, creates, pursues, expands outwards, and is a "moving" culture. The advantage of Chinese civilization lies in peace. It is like the Great Wall. It is on the defensive, stable and harmonious, and it is a culture of "quietness".

Now many Western scholars believe that the earth is so big, and that it is impossible and impossible to pursue and expand indefinitely. In the future, we can only accept Chinese philosophy, balance and harmony, and nationals and nations must cooperate with each other to avoid war.

Due to the development of science and the emergence of nuclear weapons, the future world war will be unthinkable. Some crazy people may be determined to fight nuclear war, but they do not know that the end of this war will be the end of humanity. This possibility cannot be said to be no. The Western scholars I have come into contact with are currently not worried about the nuclear war. They are most worried about three problems: the first is the constant waste of natural resources; the second is environmental pollution; The third is the population explosion. These three issues will be related to the future of mankind.

Therefore, many Westerners now pin their hopes on China. They want to understand China and understand Chinese philosophy. They believe that China's philosophical thinking and psychological state of balance, harmony and unity may be the key to solving the entire human problem.

The economic center of the nineteenth century world was in London, and it was transferred to New York in the early twentieth century. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was transferred to Tokyo, and the 21st century must be transferred to China. As for whether the center is China's Beijing or Shanghai, it is not a problem in Beijing or Shanghai. As long as it is in China, it is very good!